Applicable cables: CAN bus, LIN bus, CANFD bus, FLEXRay bus, MOST bus, HSD bus, also for industrial Ethernet Profinet bus standard cables.

Automotive Bus

Overiow of Automotive Bus
Automotive Bus is the critical data transmission pathways that interconnect various electronic systems within a car. They are extensively utilized across different automotive systems, including but not limited to powertrain, braking, steering, entertainment, and air conditioning systems. As automotive electronics technology advances rapidly, the demand for vehicle communication systems is also on the rise. The communication speed and transmission range of Automotive Bus is set to improve, with an increasing integration of diverse bus technologies into hybrid networks to enhance overall system performance and reliability. This evolution is driving the development and application of various Automotive Bus technologies, which are essential for improving the overall performance and user experience of vehicles.

Common Types and Features of Automotive Bus
CAN Bus
Introduction: The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a shared, two-wire serial communication bus developed by Bosch in 1983.
Features: It offers a maximum transmission rate of 1MBit/s, and has non-destructive arbitration, distributed real-time control, and reliable error handling and detection mechanisms.

CAN-FD Bus
Introduction: CAN with Flexible Data Rate (CAN-FD) is an upgrade to CAN, retaining its core features while addressing the limitations in data length and bandwidth.
Features: It supports higher data transmission rates and allows for a maximum data length of 64 bytes.

LIN Bus
Introduction: The Local Interconnect Network (LIN) is a low-cost serial communication network based on the universal UART interface.
Features: Almost all microcontrollers have the necessary hardware for LIN, and slave nodes can achieve self-synchronization without quartz or ceramic oscillators, reducing hardware costs for devices.

FlexRay Bus
Introduction: FlexRay is a standard protocol promoted by an alliance formed by BMW, DaimlerChrysler, Philips, and Motorola, primarily used for drive-by-wire operations.
Features: It offers high bandwidth and fault tolerance, uses dual-channel communication for redundancy, and has configurable message lengths for high flexibility.

MOST Bus
Introduction: Media Oriented System Transport (MOST) is a media-oriented serial transmission technology specifically developed for in-vehicle use.
Features: It is mainly used for multimedia transmission and supports high-speed data transfer, suitable for navigation and entertainment systems.

Automotive Bus
Introduction: Ethernet in vehicles is a new generation of in-vehicle local area network communication technology based on Ethernet technology.
Features: It is characterized by high speed, high reliability, low latency, and low electromagnetic radiation. It supports data transfer rates of up to 100Mbps or even 1Gbps, significantly exceeding the capabilities of CAN.

HSD Cables
Introduction: The High-Speed-Data (HSD) connection system is a fully shielded interconnect system. HSD cables feature a 4-conductor (4C) shielded structure primarily used for high-speed data transmission, such as meeting the high-frequency data requirements in automotive applications. With a characteristic impedance of 100Ω, it provides two pairs of differential signal pairs for the automotive industry. It can transmit data based on low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) and is widely used in automotive infotainment modules, cameras, and head-up displays. It is also compatible with USB2.0/3.0 and Ethernet standards (10Base-T1s, 100BASE-TX, 100BASE-T1, 1000BASE-T1, BroadR-Reach), offering high shielding efficiency. In surround-view ADAS system applications, cameras connect to the wiring harness via Fakra connectors, with the other end of the harness connected to HFM (Mini-Fakra) connectors, allowing the captured data to be transmitted to the vehicle's surround-view system (AVM). The data is then conveyed to the host via an HSD connector and finally to the display screen through an HSD connection cable.

New Energy Electric Vehicle (EV) Cables and Wires
New engergy Electric vehicle (EV) cables and wires play a pivotal role in the EV industry, with their performance and quality directly impacting the safety and functionality of the entire vehicle.

The Significance of EV Cables and Wires
EV cables and wires are integral to the vehicle's charging systems, motor control systems, and onboard electronic devices. They must possess good heat resistance, cold resistance, corrosion resistance, and high conductivity to ensure stable operation of the vehicle under various harsh conditions.

Types of EV Cables and Wires
1. Charging Station Cables: These high-voltage wires connect charging stations to electric vehicles and typically have a larger cross-sectional area and higher rated current.
2. Fast Charging Harnesses: These connect the fast-charging port to the high-voltage box.
3. Slow Charging Harnesses: These connect the slow-charging port to the onboard charger.
4. Motor Winding Cables: Used for the windings of electric vehicle motors, these cables require superior insulation and heat resistance.
5. Signal Transmission Cables: Responsible for transmitting various vehicle signals, such as control and data signals, these cables need to have good anti-interference capabilities and low loss characteristics.
6. High-Voltage Battery Cables: These connect the high-voltage battery to the high-voltage box.
7. Motor Controller Cables: These connect the high-voltage box to the motor controller.
8. High-Voltage Auxiliary Harnesses: These connect the high-voltage box to various components such as DC/DC converters, onboard chargers, air conditioning compressors, and air conditioning PTCs.

Characteristics and Specifications of Wire Harnesses
Electrical Current Resistance: Wire harnesses are designed to accommodate varying levels of electrical current, with common ratings of 250A, and in some high-power electric motors, they can reach up to 400A.
Temperature Resistance: They are available in different temperature resistance grades, including 125°C, 150°C, and 200°C. Typically, for high-temperature applications, wires that can withstand 150°C are chosen, while for low-temperature conditions, wires that can endure -40°C are selected.
Shielding Performance: The entire high-voltage wire harness circuit is shielded to reduce the impact of electromagnetic interference (EMI) and radio frequency interference (RFI) on the vehicle's systems.

Specifications and Applications of Charging Cables
Home Electric Vehicles: These usually come with alternating current (AC) charging cables, which are available in 32A and 16A current ratings.
DC Fast Charging Capability: The cables for this feature are provided by the charging station and typically have specifications of 120A and 200A, depending on the power configuration of the charging station.
Charging Cable Specifications: Both 2.5 mm² and 4 square meter cables are suitable for high-power electrical products, with the specific choice depending on the charging current and distance considerations.
Key Technologies and Materials in New Energy Electric Vehicle Wires and Cables
Flame-Retardant Materials: To enhance safety, many new energy vehicle wires and cables are made with flame-retardant materials to prevent fire accidents.
Shielding Technology: Some new energy vehicle wires and cables incorporate shielding technology to effectively protect against electromagnetic interference, thereby improving the stability of signal transmission.

Market Status and Development Trends of New Energy Electric Vehicle Wires and Cables
With the rapid growth of the new energy vehicle market, the demand for new energy vehicle wires and cables is also increasing. By 2024, the annual sales of new energy vehicles are expected to exceed 17 million units, which is 50 times the 350,000 units sold in 2014. Looking ahead, the development trend for new energy vehicle wires and cables will focus more on enhancing performance, intelligent driving, environmental protection, and safety.

Conclusion
New energy electric vehicle EV wires and cables are a crucial component of the new energy vehicle industry chain, and their performance and quality directly affect the safety and performance of the entire vehicle. As the new energy electric vehicle market continues to expand rapidly, the market demand for new energy electric vehicle wires and cables is also growing, indicating a promising market outlook.