What is the working principle of extruder machine?

Here's how an extruder machine works, broken down simply:

1. Dump Raw Material In

Plastic pellets, rubber crumbs, or food dough get poured into a hopper (funnel-like container) at the machine’s start.

2. Heat and Squeeze

A rotating screw inside a heated barrel churns the material like a dough mixer.
Friction and heaters melt solids into a soft, sticky paste.

3. Push Through a Shaped Hole

The spinning screw forces the melted goo forward into a die – a custom metal mold with an opening shaped like the final product (e.g., tube, wire coating, pasta strand).
Think of squeezing playdough through a toy mold: the die shapes the goo instantly.

4. Cool and Solidify

The warm, shaped material exits the die and moves through cooling zones:
Water tanks (like dunking hot metal in water)
Air blowers (like cooling baked cookies with a fan)
This hardens the material so it keeps its new shape.

5. Pull and Cut

A puller grips the cooled product gently, dragging it forward at steady speed.
Cutters or winders then trim or spool the finished lengths (pipes, cables, etc.).